Just to remind you, there are three major systems available for the production of energy in the muscles: the ATP-PC system for high-intensity short bursts; the anaerobic glycolysis system for intermediate bursts of quite high intensity (this system produces the by-products of lactate ions and hydrogen ions, commonly known as lactic acid); and finally, there is the aerobic system for long efforts of low to moderate intensity.
With sporting events such as cycling, swimming and running, where the intensity is constant for the duration of the event, it is possible to estimate the relative contribution of each energy system.
For example, the energy for the 100m sprint is split 50 percent from the ATP-PC system and 50 percent from the anaerobic glycolysis system, whereas the marathon relies entirely on the aerobic system (Newsholme et al, 1992).
In contrast, games such as soccer are characterized by variations in intensity. Short sprints are interspersed with periods of jogging, walking, moderate-paced running and standing still. This kind of activity has been termed 'maximal intermittent exercise'.
It would seem reasonable to assume that during a soccer game all three energy systems would be used, as intensity varies from low to very high. However, because it is not obvious just how fast, how many and how long the sprints are, and just how easy and how long the intervening periods are, it is difficult to determine which of the energy systems are most important. Thus most of the soccer-related research has attempted to tackle this problem.
By: Raphael Brandon (www.Bodybuilding.com)
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